It doesn't exactly, no. There are linters and a compiler-enforced check preventing unused variables. Overall it's pretty easy to accidentally drop errors or overwrite them before checking.
fwiw Go is simple, can be easily translated from TypeScript thanks to how similar it is, and has a GC, so you don’t have to learn what the hell a borrow checker is
It does. If a function returns a Result or Option type, you can't just use its data; you have to either automatically propagate the error case upward, pattern match on both the success and error cases, or just use ".unwrap()" and explicitly choose to crash in the case of an error. There's no implicit crash like there is in a language that lets you dereference null pointers.