If you compare UK to its equivalent developed countries (France, Germany, Italy, etc. ), without including the developing EU economies of Eastern Europe, you get that the UK’s GDP growth has outperformed the rest since brexit happened.
Have you a source? Using IMF data for GDP per capita PPP, the UK's growth has underperformed that of France, Spain and Italy over the last 10 years. In 2016 the UK's per-capita GDP in international dollars exceeded that of France by approx. $1600, estimates for 2026 are showing France being ahead by about $1000.
Note that she was following her lawyers advice. Not a gag order from Meta. This advice l is standard practice when you have an active litigation against you (everything you say can and will be used against you).
"Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram, secured an emergency legal order on the eve of publication preventing her from publicly discussing aspects of the book, and she faces fines of $50,000 (£37,000) each time she breaches the order."
One who understands the power of nondisclosure agreements.
You might find it surprising that an executive signed a long-lasting non-disparagement agreement, but obviously they wouldn't have got the job otherwise. These are a very real problem. Especially the use of NDAs to cover up gross misconduct.
> One who understands the power of nondisclosure agreements.
Why would a judge pre-decide that any possible word or nod from the author would break an agreement, and consider that valid enough to remove someone's freedom of speech?
> a plane half full of Hasidic Jews (the ones refusing to board because they're still praying and knocking their head against the wall, and refuse to sit next to women).
I don't know why you've decided to explain what is a Hasidic jew in that way (or at all). However I hope you can at least understand in retrospect why describing a religious group as people who all follow some negative behavior is promoting hate towards all members of that group, regardless of their actions.
You're completely wrong. What I wrote was based on my own observations and just to illustrate that those guys seem quite radical and absolutely would heavily object to offensive hotspot or bluetooth device names.
People said the same when the $100K fee for H1b was introduced, and said that the US won't be able to fill the 85,000 spots. But there were 211,600 applications in the last cycle.
Also, your other 'facts' are incorrect. The US for example has the highest amount of disposable income per family, has a lower tax burden (despite your complaint about it) then almost all developed countries, and there is one more (small) country with global taxation.
Correct - it has significantly shifted the makeup:
1. Master degree holders increased from 57.0% to 71.5%
2. Average wage increased by ~30% (estimated from the massive drop in the number of applications from the lowest category.
3. The balance has shifted from foreign workers to students in the US (F-1 visa), because they are exempt from the $100K fee.
I actually wish HN covered this, as many people were complaining about H1b being abused by abusive software companies bringing in cheap labor. About how hard it is for students studying in America to stay in America, etc.
But now we can't actually discuss a topic without attributing it to a person, so if it's attributed to Trump, all discussions become a shitshow.
People should be more aware of the symptoms of sleep apneas - the lack of energy during the day, feeling tired, waking up throughout the night, waking up tired/exhausted, etc. People with untreated sleep apnea have multiple folds higher chances to be depressed, unemployed, and have trouble with basic life functions, in addition to the long term health consequences of depriving your brain from Oxygen.
I've suggested 4 people over the last couple of years to get tested based on them casually mentioning some of these symptoms, and all 4 got diagnosed with moderate to severe sleep apnea (which is classified by the number of times you stopped breathing every hour - AHI, and the blood oxygen level). Getting tested is easy and cheap - you can find kits for under $100 which essentially are just a monitor you attach your finger + a few ECG stickers on your body which you use for a couple of nights. You can order them online without talking to a doctor, and you will get a prescription for CPAP if you are diagnosed as positive.
Treatment with CPAP is highly effective in eliminating these symptoms, and also reversing the brain damage (although MRI scans shows that it takes around a year for the gray matter in your brain to restore itself).
The other suggestion I'd make is that if you are overweight or obese, GLP-1 has proven to be also a miracle drug for sleep apnea. Unlike the study mentioned above, that essentially reduced the average AHI of participants by 4, which for almost everyone wouldn't cure them. Drugs like Zepbound have shown that over half are cured from sleep apnea after roughly a year of use. This is in addition to the other health benefits they provide with the weight reduction. Essentially. This unfortunately won't work for everyone, as weight is not the only cause of sleep apnea, but it is by far the most common one.
This is worth pursuing for anyone with the symptoms.
However please do it with a reputable doctor, preferably associated with an established institution. Watch out for some of the specialty clinics and independent practice doctors who treat apnea like a cash cow.
Sleep study scoring is theoretically set by strict rules, but in practice there can be differences between operators and clinics. Some clinics use this to their advantage to push more treatments and equipment and they’ll do it in ways that are most profitable for themselves. If they can’t get you scored high enough on the first sleep study they’ll pressure you to keep coming back for more studies or in some cases to start paying out of pocket after your insurance company starts refusing so many repeat studies with negative results.
The better clinics are not afraid to tell someone they don’t have apnea or that they likely won’t benefit from PAP machine. They also aren’t shy about telling someone that weight management can be the best long term solution for weight-related cases, whereas some clinics won’t mention it because they want you coming back to them for never ending management.
Multiple opinions won't necessarily help unless you research first. I'm not sure about other disciplines but in orthodontics for example there is a very definite split between whether they are "airway focused" or mainstream. I saw 6 or 7 different doctors, dentists and orthos in the UK over a period of about 10 years and none of them saw anything wrong with my jaws. Saw an airway focused ortho and a surgeon specialising in maxillo-mandibular advancement surgery and they recommended aggressive surgery. I agree with them, mainstream medicine is ignoring an epidemic of jaw underdevelopment because it challenges current practices in orthodontics.
Having been down this path, it’s evident to me that the US has built up a sizable medical equipment industry around CPAP machines and their supplies. The sleep doctors who prescribe them don’t have many alternatives, so it’s the normal treatment they hand out.
So it’s not a surprise that a casual mention of sleep quality ended with a CPAP machine rented by the month. It’s kind of what happened to me.
Most have a cf slot to store the sleep data, it’s how the doctor / clinician can see if it’s working, make adjustments to pressure etc. but for convenience they can just upload the data directly.
They also do OTA updates.
However they also can perform an enforcement function: compliance. Insurers will penalize users of the device for not using it enough.
This isn’t something I know much about just have seen it discussed, I don’t think all jurisdictions allow insurers to access this data for enforcement but it does seem to happen in USA.
I think what happens is the insurers agree to pay for the device in installments. But they will cancel those payments if the person isn’t using it.
But disabling the modem won’t fix that problem, you’d still get caught by the cf recorded data, or failing to provide it.
Many patients starting out CPAP therapy go noncompliant because they have various issues or concerns with the machine, mask comfort, etc.
Insurance companies are tired of paying thousands of dollars in machines and supplies that don't go used, so they instead 'rent' the machines from medical equipment suppliers, and use the machine's usage data to determine that you are still using it (and thus continue to pay for treatment). Typically after a year or so of usage they get 'paid for' but there's still ongoing compliance monitoring to get insurance to pay for supplies.
The sleep lab and sleep doctors can also remotely review the usage and make adjustments as needed. One example is using the humidity sensors in ResMed units to adjust the humidification settings remotely. I was with a doctor that showed usage logs together and noted the bedroom was severely dry and thus we needed to adjust the humidifier to run hotter to compensate.
I’m always on HN talking about myofunctional therapy (my mom is a practitioner in NYC). Recommend looking into it in addition to losing weight as treatment.
„Oral myology plays also an important role in the management of patients with sleep breathing disorders and snoring where oropharyngeal exercises were found to reduce the severity and primary symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. Poor positioning of the tongue affects breathing and allows a series of events to occur that can affect the orofacial complex. Patients with sleep apnea and other breathing difficulties usually have decreased tone and mobility in the cheek, tongue, lip, and soft palate, and sensory alterations due to a tendency to engage in mouth breathing rather than nasal breathing. In treatment of sleep apnea, oral myology therapy involves a series of exercises designed to improve tongue position and tongue function for a better control of the extrinsic tongue muscles and place the tongue in a ‘‘proper posture during function and at rest.’’“
Mine is not noisy! It requires minor weekly cleaning, not a big deal.
The bigger problem is habituation to the mask/hose setup. If you sleep on your back you’ll have it easy. Side and stomach sleepers or people who turn a lot will have a harder time getting used to it.
Great! I hope you have good results. It’s hard work to keep consistent with the large amount of exercises but the results are really impressive for those that stick with it.
Sleep apnea can indirectly cause weight gain, but obesity—particularly excess fat on the neck—is the main controllable risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea, so it’s primarily the other way around.
I've tried a CPAP machine for 6 weeks and felt no different and gave up. I think I was a 6 on the scale. I wish it had worked though!
Currently I've just given up and embracing feeling relatively tired all the time. I've tried side sleeping devices (woody knows backpack) mandibular advancement splints etc.
So hard to tell (I find anyway) to get to a definitive answer
For some people it takes months to feel any different.
For some people, they don't feel any better but it improves their health.
Did you examine your numbers at all in something like OSCAR? You could get a good idea of how many events you were having at night, and if the CPAP was improving it.
Even if you aren't feeling any better (yet) it could still be helping. You could also have multiple things that are causing you fatigue issues, and maybe fixing only one of them wasn't enough... that doesn't mean that one wasn't also important, though.
You should consider getting an Wellue O2 ring. This is something you can use to monitor your oxygen saturation throughout the night. Use it with the CPAP and also otherwise. If your oxygen saturation is better with CPAP - you know that it is working. You will eventually feel better.
The main thing about CPAP is that, and imo almost everyone gets wrong, is that you need to titrate it. CPAP is sold as an Automatic Pressure device, but in practice it doesnt work like that. You almost always need to set it just 1 number below and 1 above your required pressure - more like a fixed pressure device. And getting it working correctly - with all the mask combinations, leaking issues, pressure calliberation, supporting gear like mouth tapes and neck bands - can take months. It is incredibly hard - BUT - it is worth it. The best resource for me has been the reddit to get this right.
The key is to track your saturation everyday with all the small tweaks you make and the only way to do it is using something like the O2 ring.
Depending on what’s going on, have your iron levels checked as well. I was tired all of the time and two doctors diagnosed sleep apnea and put me on a cpap. Didn’t help. I had to take hour long naps every day.
A friend of my wife suggested a doctor and he said that even though my iron levels were in the normal range, people with restless leg syndrome (which I’ve had my whole life) often have sleep issues and benefit from iron supplements.
Within days of starting taking them my tiredness went away. I went from being tired every day for nearly two years to maybe taking a handful of naps for fun in the last three years. Really life changing.
My PCP didn’t understand why I’d be taking iron, but accepts that it works. My sleep charts still aren’t great. Little to no deep sleep, but CPAP didn’t help with that either.
I think one problem is that a lot of sleep doctors are essentially CPAP salespeople and they will just keep pushing that even if you protest that you don't feel any better. I got better answers from an ENT doc who did a Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy and told me mechanically why I was not breathing well at night.
Three more things to try if you haven’t, on a “can’t hurt” basis: nightly Avamys spray (might need a scrip depending on where you are), magnesium glycinate before bed, little bits of plastic that go inside the nostril and hold them open.
I just discovered magnesium glycinate provides significant relief for my night sweats. I might have some undiagnosed apnea, but the sweats have been the only apparent symptom (and may be caused by a completely unrelated problem). Taking 400mg before bed seems to have turned off the symptom like a switch. YMMV, of course.
Annoyingly, this symptom had been discussed with numerous doctors for over a decade. I got zero constructive advice from the medical establishment. In most cases, they even showed disinterest and moved on as quickly as possible. Beyond worthless.
On a lark, I fed an AI a two sentence prompt and one follow-up question, and it was able to piece together data and give me the suggestion with solid reasoning behind why it might work. In less than 30 seconds.
Also worth a try... B1 (thiamine) seems to help for me. I don't have objective numbers, but I disturb my spouse with my snoring and breathing troubles far less. I believe I have (undiagnosed) central sleep apnea rathee than OSA though, it's been a long time since I had a sleep study, but I had only one event over a few recorded nights... But some nights it's pretty bad.
My experience is that it has a noticable effect about 30 minutes after ingesting. I'm currently taking 100 mg tablets. I had done a liquid suspension, but tablets are easier and more consistent.
If you don't notice a difference in the first few nights, it probably doesn't work for you, but b1 seems pretty inexpensive to try.
It doesn't seem to be like some things where you have to use it for two weeks before you notice a difference; but also there's not much (if any?) residual effect. Maybe I can forget to take it one night, but on the second morning, my spouse will ask me if I've been taking my B1. But, sometimes I do have episodes when I have been consistent, so not a silver bullet.
Yip interesting, you're the second person in a week who has suggested the magnesium. I frankly never trust these suggestions of supplements (having tried some before), but, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12412596/ at least suggested it was a modest improvement. I'm going to give it a try at least.
I bought a connected oxymeter (viatom). I wore it overnight on my finger with the phone nearby. The graph on the app shows exact values through the night so you can see how many time oxygen drops and for how long. It's not quite as good as the real thing but should give you an idea, and it's cheap.
100% agree. I can cleanly divide my life into before and after treatment for sleep apnea, I didn't realize I wasn't supposed to feel awful and tired all the time.
> Treatment with CPAP is highly effective in eliminating these symptoms
… for those who tolerate it. Numbers are all over the place, but roughly people who start it are only 50% likely to still be using it properly after a year.
I don’t know but I wonder if people that have insomnia or similar difficulty falling asleep (anxiety, etc) struggle with a CPAP. I am fortunate to fall asleep very easily, usually within 3-5 minutes or even faster. And I use a CPAP (nose saddles not a full mask), and prefer it to not using one while sleeping. The way it just opens all passageways is relaxing and I think helps fall asleep even more quickly.
> People should be more aware of the symptoms of sleep apneas
I'm always a bit puzzled that this needs to be pointed out? I don't have sleep apnea per se, at least not chronically, but I've definitely had bouts of it due to allergy, sickness, stuff like that. The symptoms are the same because the mechanism is the same: I didn't get enough oxygen in the night.
It's always glaringly obvious to me the next day. I feel way more tired and exhausted than I normally would given the amount of sleep. I sometimes had instances of waking up gasping for air.
I really don't need to be told in those instances that there was an issue during the night. My sleep didn't sleep, of course there's something wrong and needs to be looked at?
Like, one time's a fluke, but if it happens a lot...
One, not all sleep apnea patients snore. 20% do not snore
Second, I am not sure what your experience has to do with people that DO have sleep apnea? If you are correct and you do NOT have chronic sleep apnea, then it makes sense you would notice clearly on the nights you did. For someone who has suffered from it for years (or even their whole life), they aren't going to have anything to compare it to. They don't 'feel way more tired and exhausted' then normal because THIS IS THEIR NORMAL. If everything feels the same as it always feels, why would they assume it was sleep apnea?
Just because you experience something a particular way doesn't mean everyone does
I think it’s important to know your personal context levels.
You noticed it because it’s happened to you occasionally. What about people who’ve been experiencing it most of their lives? To them, they are just tired all the time and don’t know why. It could be any number of things.
To someone who’s never experienced it, how could they understand?
My wife has bad sleep apnea and has to use a CPAP - neither of us noticed or understood the issue until she did a sleep study to deal with her bad snoring. We knew she was tired all the time, but attributed it to factors like work stress or maybe diet.
The average person’s understanding of sleep apnea is probably around the level of “it exists and they have to wear a device at night” and not much more.
I guess. This is a good answer, it did made me recontextualize.
Maybe it was always that much obvious to me that what should have been a good night of sleep had no, or maybe even a negative, effect on my wellbeing, and therefore something must be wrong during the sleep.
But if the effects are a bit more muted and accumulate more gradually, and you've never heard much about sleep apnea, you might not directly attribute it to the sleep itself.
It’s typically something that sets in over time (often, but not always with weight gain and age), most people don’t notice because it’s gradual. Especially if they aren’t in normal risk groups. OSA symptoms are easy for an individual (and clinicians) to misatribute
Yeah, but I've met people who think it's "normal" to wake up tired and exhausted even after multiple (or even many) nights of sufficient sleep, time-wise.
I remember one person who thought waking up tired is just part of being an adult?
The original comment said "multiple folds higher chances to be depressed, unemployed", for me that's a bit like saying that being on fire has a very high chance to make you depressed and unemployed.
Yeah, of course that's true, but the effect on performance and well-being after a sleep apnea night is so obvious to me, I don't have to look for the proximate cause...
EDIT: Through the other answer came to me that maybe in other cases, it's not so directly obvious just after waking up.
> > People should be more aware of the symptoms of sleep apneas
>
> I'm always a bit puzzled that this needs to be pointed out?
You're puzzled that most people don't know the symptoms of sleep apnea? Maybe there are big campaigns where you are, but I've never seen any public information about its symptoms.
Sell the machine for $4K, use it to pay for Codex Pro for everyone for a year. Everyone will be significantly more productive and happy.
It's not even a real comparison if they are actually using them for coding.
If you are deploying always running agents (e.g. monitoring logs and services) then sure - a QWEN local server is a good choice. But for coding the cost in productivity of using a lower performing model is way too high.
The 5h quota of Codex Pro on GPT 5.4 Medium lasts me for around an hour and a half, maybe 2 hours.
And this is already the "savy" setup. Enable GPT 5.5 High fast and you will be beached in 30 minutes with active development.
For continues all day work you definitely need a higher tier sub level.
I'm actually looking into deploying a GPU at my company because we can not give out our code.
Qwen 3.6 looks good
Right, I did swap that.
Still, you have to pay that 4k then every year and give out the code.
I also assume that prices will go up as no AI company (but NVIDIA -> selling shovels) is currently making any money.
For some projects the giving out the code part might be ok (i use Codex there too) but for the core app at the company I'm working at there is currently a strict no-AI policy.
A local GPU solves this.
Anyone who frivolously suggests throwing away possible independence in favor of dependence on a Silicon Valley company is either incredibly naïve or acting in bad faith.
Not necessarily so. I can see how a bid to predict how thing will be in 1 year in AI-based coding is likely a losing one. So the idea is to extract the maximum value now, and turn it into profits that would buy you whatever is adequate for the next steps. For comparison, the AI-based coding landscape a year ago, in May 2025, wasn't even close to what we have now, and half the key tools did not exist.
OTOH, as we see, the larger models demonstrate diminishing returns, smaller models demonstrate improvements, and hardware does not show any signs of becoming cheaper, so holding on existing decent GPUs may, too, be a winning strategy in longer term.
I'll choose not to respond to your personal attack.
But in term of actually running a dev team - you are free to use QWEN or another quantized local model that can run on an RTX 5090 for coding if it makes you feel more independence. However you would struggle and spend many many more hours achieving the same thing, with a lot more debugging time, long delays before it's done, and many more prompts.
It's just not the right approach. I use QWEN and other local models all the time, but for more clearly defined monitoring and classification tasks.
Not to mention that some of the effects that OP cited are either deflationary (like layoffs and automation), or clearly cyclic (like the memory boom bust stages, experienced just a few years ago post COVID).
Note that index funds don't hold companies in proportion to their market cap, but in proportion to their free float (shares available to purchase on the market).
Both SpaceX and OpenAI's estimated free float are around 4-5% of their shares at IPO. This means that we really are talking about companies in the sub $100M valuation in term of index fund impact (assuming under $2T for each).
That's true for the S&P but not nasdaq, nasdaq is market cap weighted. There used to be a limit that the available float couldn't go below something like 20%. (This is because 5% float available but 100% market cap would cause a huge supply/demand mismatch). But for spacex they changed the rule so there's no minimum, it's just that below 20% float, companies would be weighted at 5x the float instead of 100% of market cap. If spacex is planning on something like 5% float, it would be weighted around 25% of market cap with only 5% of float available to buy.
But it gets worse because when the lock-up period expires in 180 days after ipo (currently scheduled right before quarterly index rebalancing), it's possible that frees up more than 20% of float and it suddenly has to be weighted at the full 100% of market cap -- triggering additional automatic buying.
It certainly seems like it's set up for our retirement accounts to be the insider's exit liquidity.
> it's possible that frees up more than 20% of float and it suddenly has to be weighted at the full 100% of market cap
In your scenario, that 100% cap would by definition be less than 5x float so it shouldn't trigger any more buying than the lock-up expiration itself did.
Not sure what you mean, can you help me understand?
Do you mean if free float goes from 5% to 100%, and weighting goes from 25% to 100%, it's more "extra supply" than "extra demand"? That's a good point I hadn't considered. I'm not sure the details of the lock-up period though, it might be staggered. So if it goes from 5% float to 50% float, that's 45% of additional shares available to buy, but an addition 75% of the market cap that indices now need to weight to. But it's true this would only happen once (when free float goes from below 20% to above). Then after that the extra supply would be more than the extra demand. Or do I misunderstand?
If free float is 19%, the firm is being weighted at 95% of its market cap, which is 5x the float. If free float is 21%, the firm is weighted at 100%, which is less than 5x the float (that would be 105%). The transition from "5x the float" to "market cap" doesn't increase the weighting any more than the change in float would.
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