Could you use this, for instance, to detect an infected Windows host talking to a botnet? Or would that sort of connection info be lost as noise in the presumably large amount of data captured?
You could definitely use Security Onion's tools for that. The full SO distribution is a little bit overkill for that. You could run YAF ([1]) on a box attached to a mirror port to log IP headers and then periodically check it against a tracker.
NetFlow or VPC Flow Logs (in AWS) would work just as well for this also.