Yes, in fact you'll find lots of source code out there that will write test.txt.tmp and then close and rename it to test.txt, exactly because this is an issue in all filesystems. From the sounds of it the time window during which RPi is vulnerable is longer than usual. A careful choice of filesystem journaling/integrity flags would probably help.
The fact that there's a 0-byte file instead of a completely broken file system is already the result of a journal. You can reliably observe this with ext4.
