Every programming language can be qualified by a vast number of attributes and metrics. E.g. typing discipline, support for every particular programming concept, syntax type, support for particular platforms, execution style, how old it is, how actively is it developed, how prone it is to breaking changes, various popularity metrics, average salary, attitude of employers towards remote jobs, availability of good libraries and frameworks for particular tasks and of intelligent IDEs etc.
Are there any projects trying to systematize this data in a single database you can query? There probably isn't a perfect one that would already have or target to collect all the relevant data but perhaps there is one that can tell about a particular subset of the parameters?
Wikipedia has all the hard facts, though not in an easy-to-query format.