The first Fortran I compiler is the one pinewurst was referring to, and it was written for the 704 -- in 704 assembly. Source code is here -- this is Fortran II (basically Fortran I plus provision for separately compiled subprograms), but obviously still assembly: http://www.softwarepreservation.org/projects/FORTRAN/index.h...
(The article in the course reading you cited also correctly states that the compiler was written in assembly, for the 704.)
Not sure what you mean here... Fortran I had a damn good optimizer, and the papers on it introduced a whole lot of terminology (e.g., as above, "basic block") which is still in use. And it was written for the 704, in assembly.
(The article in the course reading you cited also correctly states that the compiler was written in assembly, for the 704.)