Regular YouTube videos on mobile also don't allow you to change the volume separate to the phone's 'master volume'. I don't think this is a TikTok/YouTube specific thing - you just don't see separate volume sliders on mobile like you would on a video playing on desktop.
I was referring to desktop. Youtube shorts does not allow you to change the volume of the video on desktop, forcing you to open the volume dialog box and either turn down your whole computer or every window in your browser.